What do we call the visual representation of stars plotted according to their absolute magnitude versus their stellar classification?

The visual representation of stars plotted according to their absolute magnitude versus their stellar classification is known as the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. This diagram is a fundamental tool in astrophysics that illustrates the relationship between the luminosity (or absolute magnitude) of stars and their effective temperatures (which are often related to their spectral classification).

In the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, stars are typically plotted with their absolute magnitude on the vertical axis and their stellar classification (or temperature) on the horizontal axis. This allows astronomers to observe key patterns, such as the main sequence, where most stars, including our sun, are located. The diagram effectively helps in understanding stellar evolution, as it shows how stars of different masses progress through their life cycles.

This visualization is essential for studying the characteristics and life stages of stars, making it a cornerstone of stellar astrophysics.