What is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area called?

An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake is termed an aftershock. Aftershocks are smaller quakes that follow the initial event and result from the adjustments in the Earth's crust as it settles into a new equilibrium after the larger seismic event. These tremors can happen minutes, days, or even years after the main quake and can vary in intensity. Their occurrence is a natural part of the seismic process, reflecting the ongoing movement within the Earth’s crust.

The other terms listed refer to different geological phenomena. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by large underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. A hot spot refers to a location in the mantle of the Earth where heat rises to produce volcanic activity, independent of tectonic plate boundaries. A volcano is a rupture in the Earth’s crust that allows molten lava, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. Thus, these options do not relate to the concept of subsequent earthquakes following a major seismic event.