What is the name of the tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface?

The tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to the Earth's surface is called a "pipe." This structure forms a conduit that allows the molten rock, or magma, to rise and ultimately erupt as lava during a volcanic event. The pipe plays a critical role in volcanic activity, as it directly connects the magma reservoir beneath the Earth's crust to the vent or opening at the surface, where the eruptive activity occurs.

Understanding the function of the pipe is essential in the study of volcanology, as it influences how magma behaves and how eruptions happen. A well-defined pipe can lead to explosive eruptions due to the buildup of gas pressure, while a wider or more fractured conduit may allow for more effusive lava flows.

In contrast, other terms in the question refer to different aspects of volcanic features. A cone typically describes the landform created by the accumulation of volcanic materials around the vent, while the crater is the depression at the top of the volcano formed by explosive eruptions. Lava flow refers to the actual movement of lava across the surface post-eruption. Each of these terms is related to volcanic activity, but none describe the specific conduit through which magma travels.