What is the process called where there is a transfer of energy through space?

The process of transferring energy through space is known as radiation. This form of energy transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium, meaning it can happen in a vacuum, such as the transfer of heat from the Sun to the Earth. Radiation is responsible for warming our planet, as it enables energy to move across vast distances through the emptiness of space.

In contrast, conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, where energy is passed from one molecule to another. Convection, on the other hand, refers to the movement of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) due to the motion of the fluid itself, typically involving the circulation of warmer and cooler parts of the fluid. Lastly, subduction is a geological process relating to tectonic plate movements and does not pertain to energy transfer.

Understanding radiation helps explain many natural phenomena, including why we feel warmer when standing in sunlight compared to standing in the shade, as well as the principles behind solar panels and greenhouse gases.