What term encompasses all of space and everything in it?

The term that encompasses all of space and everything in it is "universe." The universe includes all forms of matter and energy, galaxies, stars, planets, and the vast expanses of empty space in between. It represents the totality of existence, encompassing every celestial body and physical phenomenon. Understanding the universe is crucial in Earth science, as it provides context about how our planet fits into the larger cosmic framework.

Other terms like galaxy, star system, and local group refer to specific components within the universe. A galaxy is a massive system composed of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter, all bound by gravity. A star system typically refers to a group of celestial bodies revolving around a common center of mass, usually a star. The local group is a small collection of galaxies, including our Milky Way, that are in proximity to each other. These terms function within the broader context of the universe but do not encapsulate the entirety of existence as the term "universe" does.