What type of plate boundary results in volcanic arcs and ocean trenches?

Volcanic arcs and ocean trenches are primarily formed at convergent plate boundaries, which occur when two tectonic plates collide. In these regions, one plate is typically forced beneath another in a process known as subduction. The plate that is being subducted, usually an oceanic plate, descends into the mantle, creating a trench at the ocean floor.

As the subducting plate melts and interacts with the overlying plate, it leads to the formation of magma, which rises to the surface and results in volcanic activity. This process creates volcanic arcs, which are chains of volcanoes situated on the surface of the overriding continental or oceanic plate.

Understanding this type of boundary is crucial, as it explains the unique geological features and phenomena observed in specific regions of the Earth. For example, the Pacific Ring of Fire, known for its numerous active volcanoes and deep ocean trenches, exemplifies the interactions occurring at convergent boundaries, showcasing the dynamic nature of our planet's geology.