Which galaxy type is characterized by a central bulge and distinct spiral arms?

The galaxy type characterized by a central bulge and distinct spiral arms is indeed the spiral galaxy. These galaxies are typically structured with a central dense region, known as the bulge, which is often surrounded by arms that wind outward in a spiral pattern. The arms contain young stars, gas, and dust, which is why they appear bright and vibrant compared to the older stars found in the bulge and the surrounding regions.

Spiral galaxies also display a flat rotating disk along with the central bulge, making them visually striking and easily identifiable. The presence of these distinct structural features sets them apart from other galaxy types, such as elliptical and irregular galaxies, which do not have a defined structure or spiral shape, and globular clusters, which are dense collections of older stars but are not considered galaxies. This classification allows astronomers to categorize galaxies based on their appearance and the mechanisms that govern their formation and evolution.