Which of the following refers to a geological feature formed as a result of volcanic activity?

A geological feature formed as a result of volcanic activity includes both craters and hot spots. A crater is the bowl-shaped depression that forms around a volcano’s vent after an eruption, marking the area where volcanic materials have been expelled. This structure provides clear evidence of volcanic activity and typically forms during explosive eruptions or the collapse of a volcano after such an eruption.

A hot spot, on the other hand, is a volcanic region where hot mantle plumes rise and produce magma, leading to volcanic activity over geological time. These areas can create chains of volcanic islands as tectonic plates move over them, demonstrating long-term volcanic processes.

Since both craters and hot spots are directly related to volcanic activity and exhibit the impacts of such geological processes, the correct answer accurately encompasses both features.