Which phenomenon is responsible for the Coriolis effect?

The Coriolis effect arises from the rotation of the Earth. As the Earth spins on its axis, different parts of the planet move at varying linear speeds depending on their latitude. The equator, for instance, has a much greater linear speed than locations near the poles. This rotation causes moving objects, such as air masses or ocean currents, to be deflected relative to the surface of the Earth.

In the atmosphere, this means that winds do not travel in a straight path but are instead curved, resulting in patterns such as trade winds and cyclonic circulation. Similarly, in ocean currents, the Coriolis effect contributes to the formation of gyres and influences their direction. It is important to understand that the Coriolis effect is not a result of gravity, atmospheric pressure variations, or oceanic temperature differences, but is purely a consequence of the Earth's rotation.