Which term best describes the surface feature produced when magma erupts and reaches the Earth's surface?

The term that best describes the surface feature produced when magma erupts and reaches the Earth's surface is a volcano. When magma from beneath the Earth's crust is expelled through a volcanic vent, it can cool and solidify, leading to the formation of a mountain or hill known as a volcano. This process can create various types of volcanic structures, including stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes, depending on the composition of the magma and the eruption style.

In contrast, an earthquake refers to the shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, usually related to tectonic activity rather than magma reaching the surface. A hot spot represents a location where magma arises from deep within the Earth, creating volcanic activity, but it does not specifically describe a surface feature. A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, but it is not directly related to the surface feature formed by the eruption of magma itself. Thus, the correct term that encompasses the eruption and resulting feature is a volcano.